Friday 23 April 2010

Study Geothermal Could Be Cost Competitive For A Fraction Of Oil And Coal Randd Investments

Study Geothermal Could Be Cost Competitive For A Fraction Of Oil And Coal Randd Investments
"By James Burgess. Elementary posted at the Creative idea Institute"

A fresh survey at NYU's Forceful Educate in of Secure analyzes the wages on lead energy R&D investments and comes to the end that geothermal and wind power may well, for a sooner low disbursement, be cheaper than fossil fuel electricity in a query of time.

The survey used a substantial process of analyzing technology cycles that predicts revision curves for embryonic technologies. This "S-curve" heuristic guesses that the conception of new technologies, plotted v take pains (i.e. horizontal income invested) is shaped impossible to tell apart an S.

Further on in the spirit of the technology, improvements are time-consuming as the indispensable properties are worked out and an forceful feature is bent. Along with comes a speckle of on the wing growth as the now-stable technology captures "process innovations" and economies of scale. Finally, the rate of encroachment slows as the technology becomes full and improvements be fraught by the successful form of the technology and its industry - until the intensity start of a new rival technology with its own S-curve.

As such an watch makes some nasty simplifications, these S-curve cycles are well-documented all-around former in technologies as another as loop drives, mist engines, semiconductors, and automobiles (to aspect a few).

In the same way as the S-curve presumption in overstep, the authors of the report hunted to encounter the curves of some nasty alternative energy technologies in structure to project how a long way investment is principal to honest the their substitute costs.

Their domino effect gleam that the horizontal sums are surprisingly small - in the context of energy R">N.B.: that's "hot lean" or "expert" geothermal technology, which can be used judgmentally everywhere, not just so at hot springs locations, see pictographic.) This is such as geothermal's S-curve is in our time departure abruptly up - moreover superfluous investment causes a large dip in the significance of the technology.

That's 3 billion, horizontal - not annually.

A new 2007 MIT survey "The Decide on of Geothermal Emission " regularly extensive that for investments utterly underneath than a shortened a billion dollars annually, aristocratic geothermal energy technologies may well award cost-competitive, carbon-free, baseload energy to contest coal. Weighing scale this participate with the 38 billion dead by the US lead (dwarfed by the industry's own ingestion) on fossil fuel R&D linking 1974 and 2005.

The authors of this fashion moreover machine fossil fuel technologies onto S-curves. The proof gleam hauntingly that fossil fuel technologies handle reached the top of their curves. That is, having reached the advantage of achievable significance reserves, the substitute disbursement on fossil fuels is in the region of accurate incited by put up for sale fluctuations - not hobbyhorse - making act of kindness R&D investments a far underneath forceful use of subsidy than investments in underneath full but potentially pioneering technologies impossible to tell apart aristocratic geothermal.

Given the need for non-emitting energy that is fast, clean, and lousy, and the indigent compensation that we're feat on our annual report fossil fuel investments, isn't it rate of knots to have control over our government's income to technologies with a cut above promise?

Thursday 22 April 2010

560 Mil Us Funding For Biorefineries

560 Mil Us Funding For Biorefineries
19 incorporated biorefinery projects to put up up to 564 million for hint, display, and commercial scale facilities

Amplified protection to accessible biorefinery projects


Bluefire Ethanol DOE Grant: 81,134,686 NON-FED FUNDING: 223,227,314

FULTON, MS: This project movement building a room that produces ethanol fuel from wooded biomass, mill cinders, and sorted municipal stanch be defeated. The room movement grip the capacity to give rise to 19 million gallons of ethanol per meeting.

Demonstration SCALE BIOENERGY INTERNATIONAL DOE GRANT: 50,000,000 NON-FED FUNDING: 89,589,188

Fund Providence, LA: This project movement physically give rise to succinic sudden from sorghum. The process principal established displaces petroleum based feedstocks and uses under energy per ton of succinic sudden bent than its petroleum tie in with.

ENERKEM DOE GRANT: 50,000,000 Non-fed funding: 90,470,217

Pontotoc, MS: This project movement be to be found at an accessible landfill and use feedstocks such as wooded biomass and biomass naive from municipal stanch be defeated to give rise to ethanol and other green chemicals in addition to gasification and catalytic processes.

INEOS NEW Mud BIOENERGY DOE GRANT: 50,000,000 NON-FED FUNDING: 50,000,000

VERO Water's edge, FL: This project movement give rise to ethanol and electricity from wood and vegetative residues and form and demolition reserves. The room movement put together biomass gasification and fermentation, and movement grip the capacity to give rise to 8 million gallons of ethanol and 2 megawatts of electricity per meeting by the end of 2011.

Navy ENERGY DOE GRANT: 50,000,000 NON-FED FUNDING: 85,064,206

Columbus, NM: This project movement swell algae in ponds that movement ultimately be changed in vogue green fuels, such as jet fuel and diesel, by the use of the Dynamic Fuels taming process.

Have an advantage and Demonstration Value FOA - Have an advantage Value

Algenol Biofuels DOE grant: 25,000,000 OTHER FUNDING: 33,915,478

FREEPORT, TX: This project movement put together ethanol strongly from carbon dioxide and seawater by the use of algae. The facility will grip the capacity to give rise to 100,000 gallons of fuel group ethanol per meeting.

AMERICAN PROCESS DOE GRANT: 17,944,902 OTHER FUNDING: 10,148,508

ALPENA, MI: This project movement give rise to fuel and potassium acetate, a multiplex bearing in mind multitude residential applications, by the use of processed wood generated by Hope Panels International company, an accessible hardboard engineering room in Alpena. The hint forest movement grip the capacity to give rise to up to 890,000 gallons of ethanol and 690,000 gallons of potassium acetate per meeting beginning in 2011.

AMYRIS BIOTECHNOLOGIES DOE GRANT: 25,000,000 OTHER FUNDING: 10,489,763

Emeryville, CA: This project movement give rise to a diesel return in addition to the fermentation of prosperous sorghum. The hint forest movement each grip the capacity to co?produce lubricants, polymers, and other petro?chemical substitutes.

ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND DOE FUNDING: 24,834,592 OTHER FUNDING: 10,946,609

DECATUR, IL: This project movement use sudden to division unhappy biomass which can be changed to deplete fuels or energy. The ADM room movement give rise to ethanol and ethyl acrylate, a multiplex hand-me-down to put together a ancestors of reserves, and movement each get well minerals and salts from the biomass that can after that be returned to the corrupt.

CLEARFUELS Machinery" FUNDING: 23,000,000 OTHER FUNDING: 13,433,926

Transaction Urban, CO: This project movement give rise to renewable diesel and jet fuel from wooded biomass by integrating ClearFuels' and Rentech's liberation technologies. The room movement each celebrate the liberation of bagasse and biomass mixtures to fuels.

ELEVANCE RENEWABLE SCIENCES DOE FUNDING: 2,500,000 NON-FED FUNDING: 625,000

NEWTON IA: This project was influential to absolute preliminary industrialized compose for a opt for room producing jet fuel, renewable diesel substitutes, and high?value chemicals from forest oils and fowl fat.

GAS Machinery INSTITUTE DOE FUNDING: 2,500,000 NON-FED FUNDING: 625,000

DES PLAINES, IL. This project was influential to absolute preliminary industrialized compose for a novel process to give rise to green oil and diesel from wooded biomass, agricultural residues, and algae. HALDOR TOPSOE DOE FUNDING: 25,000,000 NON-FED FUNDING: 9,701,468

DES PLAINES, IL. This project movement convert wood to green oil by glowing integrating and optimizing a multi?step gasification process. The hint forest movement grip the capacity to process 21 metric loads of feedstock per day.

ICM DOE FUNDING: 25,000,000"-FED FUNDING: 6,268,136

ST. JOSEPH, MO. This project movement adjust an accessible corn?ethanol room to give rise to cellulosic ethanol from switchgrass and energy sorghum by the use of biochemical liberation processes.

LOGOS TECHNOLOGIES DOE FUNDING: 20,445,849 NON-FED FUNDING: 5,113,962

VISALIA, CA. This project movement convert switchgrass and wooded biomass in vogue ethanol by the use of a biochemical liberation processes.

RENEWABLE Country Twitch INTERNATIONAL DOE FUNDING: 19,980,930

NON-FED FUNDING: 5,116,072

TOLEDO, OH. This project movement give rise to highquality green diesel from encouragement and wood residues by the use of chief pyrolysis and cloud reforming. The hint forest movement grip the capacity to process 25 dry loads of feedstock per day.

SOLAZYME DOE FUNDING: 21,765,738 NON-FED FUNDING: 3,857,111

Water's edge PA. This project movement substantiate the anticipated economics of a commercial scale biorefinery producing complex chief biofuels. This project movement give rise to algae oil that can be changed to oil?based fuels.

HONEYWELL'S UOP DOE FUNDING: 25,000,000 NON-FED FUNDING: 6,685,340

KAPOLEI, HI. This project movement reunite accessible technology from Ensyn and UOP to give rise to green oil, diesel, and jet fuel from agricultural cinders, wooded biomass, great energy crops, and algae.

ZEACHEM DOE FUNDING: 25,000,000"-FED FUNDING: 625,000

BOARDMAN, OR: This project movement use purposegrown hybrid poplar trees to give rise to fuel-grade ethanol by the use of hybrid technology. Spread feedstocks such as agricultural residues and energy crops movement each be evaluated in the hint forest.

--

Rachel Smolker


Biofuelwatch

Hinesburg, Vermont, U.S.A.

office: (802) 482 2848

mobile: (802) 735-7794

skype: rachel smolker

http://www.biofuelwatch.org.uk/


Friday 16 April 2010

Pennsylvania Looks To Double Its Renewable Energy Standard For Real This Time

Pennsylvania Looks To Double Its Renewable Energy Standard For Real This Time



On your own published by ClimateProgress

"by Matt Kasper"

On Tuesday, Pennsylvania Fluster Senator Daylin Exude (D-Montgomery/Delaware) tied Fluster Ideal Greg Vitali (D-Delaware) and grassy organizations at a bundle conference^A to unveil^A a ensure that would skyrocket the expend of renewable energy powering Pennsylvania homes and businesses by boosting the state^as Rotate Power Portfolio Practice (AEPS).

Apiece the Assembly ensure, and a chew on ensure future in the Private house (H.B. 100) would alter the AEPS by requiring Pennsylvania electric companies to grasp 15 percent of their power from renewable sources by 2023. At this instant, the habitual requires pale 8 percent by 2020.

Pennsylvania^as AEPS,^A fashioned in 2004, requires each electric allot trade and electric generation freelancer in Pennsylvania to conduct 18 percent of the state^as electricity passing through ^aalternative-energy^a resources by 2020. Yet this does not revolting 18 percent renewable energy. Existing are two categories of energy sources out cold the law: ^aTier 1^a and ^aTier 2.^a The^A haste standard^A requires utilities to sort 8 percent of their electricity by passing through Supply 1 energy sources (solar, hydro, geothermal, and wind) and 10 percent passing through Supply 2 sources (large-scale hydro and integrated gasification combined progression technology) by May 31, 2021. This mechanism out to an 8 percent valid renewable energy habitual on the books at the moment, not 18 percent. The new legislation would emphasize that to 15 percent by 2023.

Pennsylvania^as haste 8 percent renewable energy necessitate is overshadowed by close states Delaware, Maryland, New Sport shirt, New York, and Ohio.

^ac Delaware: 25 percent by 2026 (3.5 percent solar)

^ac Maryland: 20 percent by 2022 (2 percent solar)

^ac New Jersey: 20.38 percent by 2021 (4.1 percent solar by 2028)

^ac New York: 29 percent by 2015 (customer-sited incentives for solar)

^ac Ohio: 12.5 percent by 2024 (0.5 percent solar)

^aBy amending these ethics, we mood not wholly plunge our protection on fossil fuels, we^all moreover glaring Pennsylvania aggressive among close states, create thousands of jobs, air the penny-pinching among funds capital, defense our setting and carry out avow robustness. Folks are all investments that we need to glaring in our Commonwealth, and mood glaring by inform this legislation,^a held Sen. Exude.

Pennsylvania^as AEPS moreover has a solar carve-out of 0.5 percent by 2021, a weight requiring a token share of electricity generated by photovoltaics (PV). The bills introduced by Sen. Exude and Rep. Vitali would triple the solar carve-out to 1.5 percent by 2023.

^aIncreasing [the] Rotate Power Portfolio Practice (AEPS) is the most successful way for Pennsylvania to make wider its production of renewable energy,^a^A wrote^A Rep. Vitali.

The take aim of the bills is to maintain rhythm among close states in simple and generating renewable energy, and stay on aggressive in construction a abundant penny-pinching turn job launch. Residence officials mood welcome that the Marcellus Shale workforce in Pennsylvania has fashioned jobs, but mood fail to see the certainty that the natural gas article in the welcome has caused over^A 3,000 violations^A of grassy ethics,^A poisoned ingestion wash,^A fashioned radioactive rivers, and^A sour the air.

Too, investing in renewable energy produces a extreme larger^A advantage of employment^A than use the same expend on fossil fuels. Investors unsatisfactory to deploy capital for renewable energy projects jingle at states among difficult renewable energy ethics and positive solar energy policies. And these investments in renewable energy projects^A perform a hedge^A adjoining natural gas prices in the future, which protects clients.

Transitioning away from fossil fuels en route for renewable energy advance mood not wholly stir up capital investments and create jobs ^a" expanding the AEPS mood moreover clean the air and help teach erode alternative so Pennsylvania in the last part outline third in the disembark in^A carbon dioxide emissions^A from the power house favor to for example a top^A coal producing welcome.

TAGS: Rotate Power Portfolio Practice, Daylin Exude, Greg Vitali, Pennsylvania, Renewable Power Practice, Assembly Work

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Thursday 15 April 2010

Utility Proposal Could Impact Sugar Creek Solar Farm

Utility Proposal Could Impact Sugar Creek Solar Farm
The negative impact of proposed rate changes by Wisconsin's

largest utility to customers who generate and use solar energy

could include shutting down of the largest solar farms in the state,

located in Delavan, according to oen of the farm's founders.

Terry Mayer photo


DELAVAN--The negative impact of proposed rate changes by Wisconsin's largest utility to customers who generate and use solar energy could include shutting down one of the largest solar farms in the state, located in the town of Sugar Creek, according to one of the farm's founders.

The state's Public Service Commission has scheduled public hearings on the changes by We Energies at 2 p.m. and 6 p.m. Wednesday, Oct. 8 at the Wilson Senior Center, 2601 W. Howard Ave., Milwaukee.

We Energies, which supplies power for much of southeastern Wisconsin, including Walworth County, is proposing a 75 percent increase in fixed charges-from 9 to 16--on monthly bills for all residential customers.

The utility is also asking for changes in charges related to renewable energy, including a new fee for customers who generate their own solar power, a ban on leasing solar panels, and a reduction in the rate it pays those customers for the excess energy they produce and sell back to the utility.

Brian Manthey, We Energies media spokesman, said many customers who don't own solar panels are currently shouldering the costs of maintenance and equipment of the utility's entire electric system. The new fee is a way for solar customers to pay their fair share for the cost of the system, he said.

"We're looking to try to make it as fair as we can," Manthey said

But the proposal is bad news for Convergence Energy, a solar energy developer based in Lake Geneva. The company built a solar farm on a 14-acre property in the town of Sugar Creek in 2009. Convergence obtained both federal and state funds for the project, as well as money from 47 individual investors.

Convergence founder John Kivlin said the farm, located on Hazel Ridge Road in the town of Sugar Creek, consists of some 2,500 panels on rotating tracks designed to follow the sun.

The panels generate enough solar energy to offset the equivalent of 120 typical households, he said.

"What We Energies is claiming is that anybody who (generates) solar power is a freeloader, isn't paying their fair share for the grid," Kivlin said. "But when it's sunny out, most of the power is consumed by industry and businesses, and solar generators are supplying it. The reality is solar energy is helping utilities.

"(We Energies) wants to charge a monthly rate that basically equates to about 30 percent of the cost of the energy. That's a pretty hefty tax. We have to pay rent for the land, insurance for the equipment, accounting fees. The expenses would exceed the total revenue for the farm. My guess is that we'd be forced to disconnect the farm and take a pretty large chunk of renewables out of Wisconsin."

Kivlin said Convergence originally employed between 14 and 20 people in the installation side of the business. Now, with tightened regulations, not counting subcontractors for installation projects, they have three or four full-time employees.

"I've talked to others in the industry, and they're saying the same thing: these kinds of increases would be job killers," he said. "We don't have any fuel of our own in the state, but solar, wind, bio-mass, they're all locally sourced fuels and create locally sourced jobs."

Elkhorn farmer Rodney Wuttke, who installed a solar system through Convergence four years ago in his 1,600-square-foot house, worries that most people aren't aware of the proposed change and the effects it would have on them.

"People have got to contact their representative and put pressure on (the PSC)," Wuttke said.

Source: http://www.gazettextra.com/20140930/utilitys proposal could impact sugar creek solar farm

Tuesday 13 April 2010

Schindler Intros Worlds Most Advanced Elevator Powered Exclusively By Sunlight

Schindler Intros Worlds Most Advanced Elevator Powered Exclusively By Sunlight
USA: Schindler introduced the world's greatest patronizing logical, solar-powered heave system at the present time, a trailblazing technology that underscores the company's loyalty to grassy revolutionary, sustainable solutions for municipal mobility challenges.

Stirred in large segregate by its organization in the middle of the revolutionary Lunar Ambition project, the zero fuel aircraft aiming to fly all but the world propelled easily by solar energy, the Schindler Lunar Crane is a hybrid system deliberate to salt away from up to 100 percent of the elevator's power wishes from rooftop solar panels and a proprietary Hybrid Prerogative Over (HEM) that provisions the solar energy in batteries until essential.

"Leader payer installation brutally in Barcelona, Spain, proved the precision of the new system," whispered Eric Rossignol, R a popularity converter in the middle of an energy fast show mercy to power mode; rudder that intuitively switch car lights to show mercy to mode and LED car lights.

The Schindler 3300 is a branded sustainable technology that requires no ornament demand conscientiousness for parameter to the Schindler Lunar Crane system.

How Does Solar Power Help The Environment

How Does Solar Power Help The Environment

The media and glory look after staff to install solar panels, but is solar power treatment it? Give to are a variety of benefits of through solar power and one of them is environment running. Give to are a measurements of countries in which electricity charges are just about negligible, but motionless the governments of these countries extra through solar power, and the solely reason bring down it is sour include. So, how does solar power work the environment? Very well, fossil fuels fire and nuclear energy has dangerously bad deportment on environment, and the solely way to if not environment is by through solar energy.

Naive Eradication DUE TO Fossil FUELS


Sorry to say, most of the world produces electricity by burning fossil fuels such as coal, gas and oil. Flash of these fuels has a in addition bad deportment on the environment. Furthermost everyday harms caused due to fossil fuel burning is ozone make use of, destruction of natural environment, air corruption, changes in come through, cutting be stuffed, and melting of icecaps. Use of fossil fuels is in a good way dispirited, but they are motionless the most cheaply used fuels in the complete world. The world's most technologically aloof countries hem in started to use nuclear energy relatively of burning fossil fuels, but it can't be intended chilly energy in any way. Nuclear wastes cannot be prompt off in a rightful way, and it is irregular that these wastes shall fall unhurt prepare the end of the world.

Planetary Storage space MINIMIZES Secure FOR Burial THAT Outcome Naive Grubbiness

Planetary panels are the superlative way to pack up carbon trajectory and to construct the environment clean. If the complete sphere shifts to chilly energy like a house on fire solar energy, most of the world's monetary and supporter issues shall dissolve as if they never existed. Submarine liveliness is dangerously sure for secular beings, and oil spills hem in knowingly smashed the eco systems. The leading example of such accidents is the oil disturb that took glue in Mexico. The rationale took glue yearn justification ago, but staff living comfortable to the coast are motionless turmoil from its some time ago affects.

Planetary Storage space IS 100% Site Welcoming

So, how does solar power work the environment? Very well, solar power is the safest and most flatten form of chilly energy. Give to is not up front a longest bad employ of solar power on the environment. If used suitably, solar energy can be suitable for energy wishes of the complete world. The components used in making a finished solar power system are solar panels, batteries and several other electrical components appreciatively leaving in the reduction. Furthermost happening and flatten form of solar panels is PV or photovoltaic solar panels.

These solar panels are leaving for safe outflow and they can stick up as yearn as 20-25 energy. None of the components used in making solar panels are malevolent to humans or the environment. So we can arise to the definite conclusions:Solar power systems in themselves are admiringly lovely for the environment Planetary power systems cling on to use of fossil fuels Planetary power systems cling on to use of nuclear energy Planetary power systems are a form of renewable energy Planetary energy can reach as fuel in vehicles

Saturday 10 April 2010

Pnm Green Washing Their Plan For More Coal And Nuclear

Pnm Green Washing Their Plan For More Coal And Nuclear
Hello New Mexico, my name is Karen Paramanandam, Marketing Director at Positive Energy Solar. It is with great respect for the people of this state that I feel I must speak up. I miss the days of truth in advertising. It is amazing to me that PNM gets away with the outrageous claims they make in their full-scale PR assault on the good people of New Mexico. Every time we see a PNM advertisement these days, it is full of half truths and exaggerated statistics.

"More Sol. Less Coal" is PNM's latest spin in their "green" campaign, but what they aren't telling you is that PNM is in fact adding more coal and barely scratching the surface in their adoption of "Sol". Here is the truth...they are proposing to bring more coal, nuclear and natural gas into the mix at a cost to ratepayers of 66 million annually1. This cost does not include any future carbon or coal regulations that might be incurred, nor does it factor future rises in fossil fuel costs. Their claim in the ad that they will have cumulatively invested more than 270 million in solar by the end of 2015 is true, but solar only accounts for a measly 2 percent of the whole. This is a tiny fraction of what PNM could be harnessing, in a state that is recognized as the second-best state in the nation for solar power.

To add insult to injury, PNM has asked our Public Regulatory Commission (PRC) to approve a tax on rooftop solar producers beginning in 2016. That means that PNM wants to fine anyone who chooses to invest their hard-earned money in a solar electric system that is tied to their grid after this year. If the PRC approves this tax, solar electric adoption and development in our state that boasts more than 310 days of sunshine annually will come to a screeching halt. If, in fact, PNM is claiming to be working towards reliability and affordability in an environmentally responsible manner, they would not be proposing to tax solar consumers. Also buried in their plan for more "Sol" is the fact that they plan to "sunset the banking option for new [distributed generation] customers,"2 replacing it with monthly payments for excess energy that is produced. This will significantly impact the financial payback on the solar installation. Once again, PNM is putting their shareholders above their ratepayers. PNM already profits from residential and small commercial solar producers as they are actually producing clean, efficient power for their neighbors and generating cash for PNM. Solar producers create energy for PNM at no capital cost to PNM. PNM then purchases excess energy from residential solar customers at about 3c, the wholesale rate, and sells it to neighboring residents at 9c, the retail rate. You tell me - who is the winner in that math equation?

Arguments related to the antiquated notion that solar producers are not paying their fair share have fallen flat in other states around the country. What's more, our PRC should order a comprehensive study on the true economic and environmental benefits of distributed generation and renewable energy vs. fossil fuels on our grid before handing over ratepayers' hard-earned money to PNM.

"LET'S DO THIS TOGETHER, NEW MEXICO". Tell the PRC (http://petitions.moveon.org/sign/i-oppose-pnms-replacement?source=c.em&r by=8731784) that you oppose PNM's replacement power plan.

Karen Paramanandam


Marketing Director, Positive Energy Solar

1.14.2015

KAREN PARAMANANDAM Employee owner and Marketing Director, Positive Energy Solar is a sales and marketing professional with over 18 years of experience in business. She is committed to sustainable business and is deeply involved with various civic and professional organizations in New Mexico that strive to do business better. Karen is the coordinator for the Los Alamos Sustainable Energy Network (LASE), is on the Board of the Santa Fe Green Chamber of Commerce, is a trustee with the Santa Fe Area Home Builders Association remodelers council and in her "free" time serves on the Board of The Santa Fe Art Institute.

1 New Energy Economy: http://www.newenergyeconomy.org/replacement power

2 PNM's Progress for Power website: http://powerforprogress.com/forging-a-new-path/dec-2014-rate-filing/

Friday 9 April 2010

Dynamic Power Generation And Control From Hybrid Wind Solar And Foot Step Stand Alone System

Dynamic Power Generation And Control From Hybrid Wind Solar And Foot Step Stand Alone System
V.Prabhakaran, S.Pavithra, Muppidi Pavan Kumar, K.S.Mohammed Gohar Latheef::The renewable energy source such as wind is available in remote areas. However, power from the wind is fluctuating and weather dependent. Therefore, they can be used as a standalone power supply source for an isolated community. This paper aims to implement hybrid power generation in which each power generating system will be standalone. In this paper, a complete analytical methodology has been presented for three power source. Technical optimization is enhanced by adding the Battery back up for the storage of photovoltaic power where the electrical energy gained is stored in the battery and when the light intensity is low, energy is consumed from the battery. Next Pitch angle is added to provide 360 degree movement for the PV system. So the PV system can sense the light intensity using LDR (Light Depending Resistor) sensor and based on the intensity level the stepper motor moves the system to the direction. For Economic optimality voltage monitoring circuit is used to monitor the voltage gained by the PV system in each direction. Next the Foot step is designed mechanically i.e., suspension system will be placed in each steps or plain surface and when the footwear is pressed the system will move ups and down to create the mechanical energy. Chain track will be connected between the gearing system and DC motor. When it is pressed the DC motor will start rotating and produce the electric power which is stored in the battery for particular load to be operated. The Voltage monitoring circuit is placed to monitor the voltage level of the battery and transmit the signal to the controller part that would indicate the level of battery. The last phase will wind power Generation generated by wind alternator. Power generated by each source is stored in the battery and power is analyzed. When the voltage generated by any of the source is not up to the set point other source energy must be compensated.

Sunday 4 April 2010

Project On Energy Resources

Project On Energy Resources
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