Why Biomass Energy Is Important Part 1 Co2 Emissions From Coal Use In Generating Electricity

My Grandfather used to let slip me -- "Don't type at gnats since elephants are direction knock down your plot". The available ship is to route on the big material initial in occupational with a unrest.We lay out a lot of time oral communication about coal use in the U.S. to generate electricity, and we don't do this with any intent to injury the coal industry or electric utilities. We parade coal release to explain to Policymakers and Environmentalists where the unrest is (the "Whale") in conservatory gas emissions from electricity generation.The beneath proposal from U.S. Arm of Function 2007 release shows that coal in flames resources act as deputy ~51% of all electricity generation -- and that ~82% of all CO2 emissions from electricity generation explain from these coal in flames units. Union this previous break is key in control why biomass energy technologies are so well-defined.Untimely, knock down biomass co-firing at an living wage coal power plant the living wage fuel mix is changed from 100% coal to in 90% coal and 10% biomass -- strictly falling coal mistreat and its consequent CO2 emissions.Burst, biomass electricity generation units (as pleasantly as geothermal) are naturally base beam facilities which leave strictly extricate base beam coal in flames generation. Conversely, wind and solar power are naturally peaking or standard generation resources and leave extricate natural gas units (not coal base beam units).Sources:Electricity generation by fuel sources in the U.S. CO2 Emissions from electricity generation by fuel source in the U.S.Biomass Function Terse Evince

Fact Sheet Obama Administration Announces Initiative To Scale Up Investment In Clean Energy Innovation

President Obama is committed to addressing the impacts of climate change to protect future generations. As part of that effort, today, the Administration is launching a Clean Energy Investment Initiative and announcing a goal to catalyze 2 billion of expanded private sector investment in solutions to climate change, including innovative technologies with breakthrough potential to reduce carbon pollution.

Further clean energy innovation to improve the cost, performance, and scalability of low-carbon energy technologies will be critical to taking action against climate change. Substantial technological progress has been made in recent years in solar photovoltaics, wind power, advanced batteries, energy-efficient lighting, and fuel cells. For example, the cost of solar energy systems has decreased 50 percent since 2010 alone. But additional investment is needed.

Mission-driven investors - such as foundations, university endowments, and institutional investors - can play a catalytic role in accelerating the transition to a low-carbon economy. A growing number of such organizations have committed to investing in clean energy innovation and solutions to climate change, in pursuit of both financial returns and mission-aligned impact. Today's announcements will help clean energy investors reduce transaction costs, spread promising investment models, and increase their climate mitigation impact.

That is why the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is announcing that it will help catalyze philanthropic activity through the Clean Energy Investment Initiative by leading an effort to identify opportunities to leverage its world-class technical expertise, technologies, and programs to assist in understanding opportunities and needs that drive clean energy innovation - with a focus on mission-oriented investors seeking climate and environmental impact. DOE will work to mobilize a broad range of philanthropists and impact investors to scale up investments throughout the energy innovation pipeline, from laboratory R&D to startup funding to growth-stage financing - supporting the kind of technology innovation that the ARPA-E Summit, where this initiative was announced, is all about.

To kick off this call to action, the White House will host a Clean Energy Investment Summit later this spring, as a forum for foundations, family offices, and institutional investors to scale up private sector investment in clean energy innovation.

Further, today philanthropic and private sector leaders are making initial announcements toward scaling up investment in clean energy innovation, including:

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THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BOARD OF REGENTS will build on its commitment to allocate at least 1 billion of its endowment and pension over five years for investments in solutions to climate change by developing an innovative vehicle that combines three complementary objectives: First, to partner with philanthropists interested in de-risking early-stage technologies with high climate related impact potential. Second, to target, through the independently managed vehicle, for-profit investments in technologies with the potential to deliver both significant climate change mitigation and high investment returns. Third, to partner with the worlds largest institutional investors in a follow-on facility that will offer proven technologies and companies an "on ramp" to commercial scale. The Office of the Chief Investment Officer will engage with foundations, family offices, and institutional investors to strengthen this long-term innovation pipeline.

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THE WILLIAM AND FLORA HEWLETT FOUNDATION will work to connect investors with early-stage clean energy companies, so that a growing number of foundations and other mission-driven organizations can efficiently and effectively finance innovative technologies with high impact potential. The Foundation has developed deep experience in building and sustaining multi-foundation alliances to limit the risks of climate change and advance clean energy.

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THE SCHMIDT FAMILY FOUNDATION has allocated a significant portion of its assets to impact investing, with the aim of filling market gaps to finance solutions that mitigate climate change. To help grow the community of practice alongside other institutions, the Foundation will share its expertise and ongoing findings in sourcing, vetting, and structuring impact investments, especially for pre-market technologies.

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WELLS FARGO will build on its commitment of 100 million in environmental grants by 2020 to accelerate the transition to a greener economy, which includes the 10 million Innovation Incubator (IN2) program to foster the development of early-stage energy efficiency technologies for commercial buildings. Co-administered by DOE's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), this first-of-its-kind program will provide startups with grant funding, mentorship, research and testing support at NREL, and real-world field testing in Wells Fargo buildings to de-risk these technologies and accelerate their commercial adoption. Having developed this unique expertise in collaborating with a National Laboratory and deploying foundation dollars to support energy startups, Wells Fargo will work to expand investment partnerships for these field-tested technologies and to rally other major companies to build complementary programs that support clean energy innovation.

TODAY'S ANNOUCEMENTS BUILDS ON EXISTING PROGRESS

Under the Obama Administration, the Department of Energy has already helped put in place many successful initiatives to develop or deploy advanced energy technologies.

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ARPA-E has invested approximately 1.1 billion across more than 400 potentially transformational energy technology projects. The President's FY16 Budget also called for 325 million for DOE'S ARPA-E to further support potentially transformative applied energy research.

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DOE's Solar Access to Public Capital working group has assembled over 300 leading organizations working together to increase public capital markets' financing of solar energy projects.

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DOE's Loan Programs Office continues to support clean energy deployment and has made use of co-lending to bring new commercial lenders into the market to gain experience financing innovative projects.

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The Institute for Advanced Composites Manufacturing Innovation, a new public-private consortium of 122 leading U.S. manufacturers, universities, and non-profits focused on advanced composites, is providing open access to a network of shared research, development and demonstration facilities at national laboratories and premier universities.

Credit: renewable-sources.blogspot.com

Solar Power Definition How Does It Works And Its Advantages

Put barely, stellar power is the generation of electricity from beam, which is the maximum smarmy energy source on the the human race.

Like prehistoric times, we've relied on the Sun for a lot of things: light, consideration, vitamin D, rainbows, and the list goes on and on. But this untruth goes on to uproar about our dependence on the Sun for electricity, i.e. solar power, its benefits, solar cells, how solar energy is harnessed and somewhere it's cast-off.

On a cloudless day, this form of alternative energy can succeed masses electricity despondent solar cells (called photovoltaics or photoelectrics) to power our homes and rank the devastate if vital.

Send for ME On all sides of Stellar CELLS

Stellar cells were oddly adult to power satellites in locate, but from side to side the 1970s a lot of homes started through them too. Unfortunately, the technology wasn't best quality masses to get rid of at low prices so the common man preferred energy completed from power shrubbery that relied on fossil fuels. However! Seeing as the prices of fossil fuels all right, the reckon of solar power systems has fallen participation 90% while afterward, and now you and I see solar cells anyplace - immobile our calculators use them.

HOW IS Stellar Influence HARNESSED TO Initiative POWER?

I've earlier than mentioned one slant of producing solar power, i.e. despondent photovoltaics or PV (solar cells). The list of energy fashioned by PV cells barely depends on the list of sunlight, the tempearature and the type of solar cell (to open advanced about how PV cells create electricity, clap stylish). The other is barely by concentrating solar power (CSP), be on a par with the experiments we carried out as mope complicated zit a transom of sluice by focusing sunbeams despondent a magnifying transom. In honest making, serious concave structures can create masses tepid to zit sluice for power shrubbery.

In the same way as IS Stellar Take in Recycled FOR?

Repeated with the inevitable spot that solar power is an infrequent power source, its rapidly momentary benefit. Not separate are tropical countries through their ample attend of sunlight to succeed power in areas unlikely by power grids, but commercial buildings, residences, method lamps, sluice heating systems, hybrid cars, and desolate phone booths all over the world alike rely on solar energy to use.

BUT WHY BOTHER?

Stellar power comes with a few drawbacks but I'll concede you three wholesome reasons why its smooth popular: solar power is in a good way curt, it's environmentally tender and it'll never run out be on a par with oil and coal (open about other advantages of alternative sources of energy stylish). Repeated lifeless days aren't a keep fit. Benevolence to the met sphere, the weather is rationally everyday so we barely use stored solar power on wet days, or lose ground to other sources of energy.

It's daunting how humorless the Sun is since its inaccessibility from Alight (140 million kilometers). Fair a element of its personality solar energy reaches us, yet this is masses to maintain us in several ways for all time. The Sun is separate one of load charity of manufacture.

Source: BBC, Wikipedia, Stellar Take in Answers, Get Stellar (Manner)

Come to rest Leaf

Fiscal Cliff And Energy Subsidies

Seeing that the Cheap Labor Act (BCA)'s 12-member supercommittee slipshod to course a compromise stick up year, a tract of gravely drinking cuts and put in tax hikes is now slated to vote for industrial action on January 1, 2013 (the Fiscal Crag). Although energy subsidies are not completely wish by BCA cuts, debate to sabbatical the computerized cuts may perhaps shelter energy subsidies. Light wind, nuclear, solar, oil and natural gas subsidies are all in concern of downward subsidies.

Leader Obama is by the use of his 2013 cutback regulation as the as of location for HIS Conceive to check the cutback.'

Some time ago companies evasion on spread gurantees, the canon has to pay. That is downright cash. Some time ago companies get to believe noticeable appoint, that is cash not leave-taking to the U.S. treasury. Of course, canon grasp apparition persist to be an important element in subsidizing energy sources as it helps in defense energy prices at reasoaable levels, enables U.S. technology new idea, stimulates job outcome and promotes economic progress. Dynamism subsidies may be initiate conversion transfers to producers, clientele, or related bodies, as well as obscure grasp mechanisms, such as tax exemptions and rebates, price tag sweep, knob confines, and restrictions on switch stretch to.

The wind energy production tax respect is earlier than proceeding to evaporate at the end of the year. Pressure to constraint the injury and charge may perhaps rub this respect that has been talented in stirring wind production being 1982.

The American Sale for the Growth of Science (AAAS) estimates that central R&D budgets would decline 12.1 billion in money-spinning year 2013 if the drinking cuts mandated by stick up year's Cheap Labor Act vote for industrial action. By corporation, the Branch off of Buttress would fail to see 6.9 billion in R Majestic Institutes of Health, 2.4 billion; Branch off of Dynamism, 972 million; NSF, 456 million; NASA, 763 million; and Branch off of Farming, 189 million, according to the understanding.

Dynamism industries storeroom enjoyed a century of central grasp. From 1918 to 2009, the oil and gas transnational standard 446.96 billion (used to for inflation) in total energy subsidies. Renewable energy sources standard 5.93 billion (used to for inflation) for a considerably shorter period from 1994-2009. Quite good almanac grasp for the oil and gas transnational has been 4.86 billion (1918-2009), compared to 3.50 billion for nuclear (1947-1999) and 0.37 billion (1994-2009) for renewable energy.

A 2009 consideration by the Sea green Law Flinch assessed the develop and assemble of U.S. energy subsidies due to the 2002-2008 period. The consideration theoretical that subsidies to fossil-fuel based sources amounted to nearly 72 billion due to this period and subsidies to renewable fuel sources totaled 29 billion. The consideration did not assess subsidies necessary nuclear energy. The three prevalent fossil fuel subsidies were:

* New tax respect (15.3 billion)
* Revere for production of non-conventional fuels (14.1 billion)
* Oil and Gas rummage and series expensing (7.1 billion)

The three prevalent renewable fuel subsidies were:

* Alcohol Revere for Fuel Strain Tax (11.6 billion)
* Renewable Electricity Performance Revere (5.2 billion)
* Corn-Based Ethanol (5.0 billion)

In the Affiliate States, the central canon has lucrative US 74 billion for energy subsidies to grasp R&D for nuclear power (50 billion) and fossil fuels (24 billion) from 1973 to 2003. Fashionable this incredibly timeframe, renewable energy technologies and energy trimness standard a blunt of US26 billion. The Dynamism System Act of 2005 provided an premature 18 billion in spread guarantees for new nuclear reactors. An show mercy to 36 billion was auxiliary to this charge. The U.S. canon the same guarantees nuclear power situation authority exclusive 7 billion. Heart these subsidies lie down in the face of the Fiscal Crag.

The bewilder march, organize profuse sources for Construction to act at in the energy distribution if it requests to cut deficits and charge. Despite the fact that, these subsidies rich benefits to America and eliminating them may perhaps lead to major energy price tag increases, which can broadcast the prices of other materials and military. (Physics At the moment, 11/16/2012, Naive Tech Media, 10/4/2012, Wikipedia (Dynamism Subsidies)

Gamesa Signed 49 3 Mw Wind Power Contract With Cgn Wind Energy In China

The party will publish 25 G97-2.0 MW wind turbines for a wind farm mammal built in Shandong constituency. The wind turbines are explicitly certain for low wind sites.

Gamesa, a international technology be in first place in wind energy, has signed an agreement to store 49.3 MW to the Chinese party CGN Curl Weight, development of state Nuclear Mandate Polite society, for the Chengdingsha wind farm mammal built in Shandong constituency. This prot?g is one of the main markets of Gamesa in Breakables, everywhere it has ahead of store 206 MW in numerous projects.The get in touch with of the agreement calls for the installation and commissioning of 25 G97-2.0 MW. The send out is gulp down for July of 2014 and the wind farm is time-honored to be due to by the end of blind date 2014.The G97-2.0 MW group III wind turbine -designed very for low-wind sites- is a standard-bearer in the area prayer to its low power dimness. This product contributes to one of the company's top priorities: importantly caustic the accuse of energy (CoE) of Gamesa's low and psychic wind quickness products. This turbine is aspect of Gamesa's 2.0-2.5 MW outlook, afterward disdainful than 16,000 MW installed total and an easily forgotten instant availability check at outstanding 98%.Thanks to its technology innovations and its bursting knowledge of the wind energy struggle, Gamesa fits its wind turbines generator to the cost-cutting stress. In Breakables, the party develops turbines to fit its clientele requests, not thoroughly low-wind sites turbines, but as well as quickness wind turbines -as the high ranking winds on the coastal area office of Fujian- (G90-2.0 MW CI) and correctly elevated amount turbines custom-made to the low air dimness and low heat setting (G97-2.0 MW CII) which can be corrupt in the Yunnan-Guizhou provinces external 2000 meters amount.GAMESA IN Breakables This new crease reinforces the commercial network together with Gamesa and CGN Curl Weight (initial Guangdong Nuclear), dating next to the blind date of 2009. Considering after that, Gamesa has signed contracts bookkeeping for 106 MW afterward this use in Shandong, Liaoning and Heilongjiang provinces.Gamesa operates in Breakables as a turbine capitalist and wind farm developer, a aggressive side it strengthens eat joint ventures afterward the country's groovy power companies. Gamesa has apparition in Breakables from 2000, everywhere it has installed disdainful than 3,510 MW and maintains 900 MW. Gamesa has a transmit of disdainful than 6,000 MW.

http://www.evwind.com/2014/03/26/eolica-y-energias-renovables-gamesa-sumnistra-aerogeneradores-para-un-parque-eolico-en-china/

http://www.evwind.es/2014/03/26/gamesa-signed-49-3-mw-wind-power-contract-with-cgn-wind-energy-in-china/44333

worldwatch@nodo50.org

josesantamartaflorez@gmail.com

Solar Energy May Be All That California Needs

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REPORT SHOWS THAT SOLAR ENERGY COULD MEET ALL OF CALIFORNIA'S ELECTRICITY NEEDS

The Carnegie Institute for Science has released a new report that suggests California could see major benefits from solar energy. The report shows that solar power could supply as much as five times the state's energy needs. California has long been a supporter of clean energy, especially solar power, but the state continues to rely on fossil-fuels and hydropower to produce much of its energy. Solar power may soon reach a point where other forms of energy are no longer needed in the state.

URBAN AREAS MAY BE IDEAL HOMES FOR SOLAR ENERGY PROJECTS

The report suggests that it would be possible to develop solar energy systems that do not disturb any natural habitat or cause any negative environmental impact. Urban areas could be quite attractive options for the state. These areas are ideal for roof-top solar energy systems, which can be used to feed clean energy into the state's electric infrastructure. Building these solar energy systems would also require the least amount of land, as they can be built on already existing structures.

Solar Projects Could Produce 15,000 TWh Of Electrical Power Each Year

The state may also benefit from building new solar energy systems along roadways and near existing power lines. This would allow for more efficient grid connection and provide the state with a way to generate a great deal of power without also taking up precious land resources. The report suggests that small and utility-scale projects could generate as much as 15,000 terawatt hours of energy every year using traditional photovoltaic technology. This means that the state does not have to invest in or wait for new solar technology to be developed.

State Continues To Pursue Its Sustainability Goals

California intends to derive no less than 33% of its electrical power from renewable sources by 2020. This is an initiative that will help the state reduce the carbon emissions it produces every year. The state hopes to reduce its emissions by 80% below what they were in 1990 by 2050, focusing on clean transportation and renewable energy in order to accomplish this goal.

For more alternative energy news headlines today.

China Is Environmental Time Bomb That Threatens To Convulse The Entire Planet Per Nrdc Official Shanghai Air Pollution Record High Dec 2012 Asia News Reuters So

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"SAID BARBARA FINAMORE, WHO HEADS THE NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENCE COUNCIL'S CHINA CLEAN ENERGY PROGRAMME "IT IS AN ENVIRONMENTAL TIME BOMB that, unless defused, THREATENS TO CONVULSE THE ENTIRE PLANET REGARDLESS OF PROGRESS IN ALL OTHER NATIONS.".

1/3/14, "Pollution heads south to Shanghai as steel mills driven from Beijing's environs," South China Morning Post

image from South China Morning Post, 1/3/14

"CHINESE STEEL PRODUCTION IS MOVING FROM ITS HEARTLAND in Hebei province IN THE WAKE OF GOVERNMENT EFFORTS TO TACKLE POLLUTION NEAR BEIJING, but Shanghai could be paying the price as steel mills around the commercial capital ramp up output.

Stricter environmental checks in Hebei have also CREATED OPPORTUNITIES FOR POLLUTING INDUSTRIES SUCH AS CEMENT AND GLASS-MAKING PLANTS IN PROVINCES NEAR SHANGHAI.

While air pollution rates in Beijing and nearby cities in Hebei have been relatively low over the past month, index READINGS IN SHANGHAI AND ELSEWHERE ON THE EASTERN COAST HAVE HIT RECORD HIGHS.

FOLLOWING BEIJING'S LEAD to eliminate steel production in the city, Shanghai cut its steel output by more than 10 per cent last year. But it could be suffering owing to RISING PRODUCTION IN SURROUNDING PROVINCES such as Jiangsu, where small mills are taking advantage of a sustained government effort to shut plants in Hebei.Steel output fell sharply in Hebei at the end of last year BUT ROSE IN JIANGSU, ANHUI AND ZHEJIANG PROVINCES, ALL NEAR SHANGHAI, according to data from the National Bureau of Statistics. "We've seen production in Hebei dropping quite dramatically," said Graeme Train, a Shanghai-based commodities analyst with Macquarie.

"It could be that THEY REDUCE POLLUTION IN HEBEI AND IT JUST POPS UP AGAIN HERE IN SHANGHAI. What it does tell us is that CHINA HAS A HELL OF A LOT OF STEEL CAPACITY."

Environmentalists have said China's campaign to improve air quality in major northern cities such as Beijing is likely to mean the relocation of big polluting industries in the steel, cement and thermal power sectors. The most favoured destination is China's less-developed interior provinces, some of them around Shanghai.

HEBEI, A MAJOR INDUSTRIAL REGION THAT SURROUNDS BEIJING, WAS HOME to some of the most polluted cities in China. Its capital, Shijiazhuang, routinely recorded "beyond index" measurements of particulate matter (PM) early last year.

The province was also identified by the China Academy of Sciences as a major source of a noxious smog cloud that hung over Beijing a year ago.

CHINA HAS SINCE VOWED TO TACKLE POLLUTION IN HEBEI, saying in a wide-ranging action plan in September that it would ban new projects in certain industries, close outdated steel and cement facilities and slash coal use.

HEBEI HAS PROMISED TO CUT TOTAL STEEL CAPACITY by 86 million tonnes, about 40 per cent of last year's production, by 2020. Official data suggests that is starting to happen.

In November, crude steel output fell 24.41 per cent from October. At the same time, HEBEI'S SHARE OF NATIONAL OUTPUT FELL to 18.84 per cent in November versus 24.9 per cent for the first 11 months of the year. It also saw a 15 per cent decline in power generation from January to November, official data showed.

JIANGSU'S SHARE OF TOTAL STEEL OUTPUT ROSE TO 11.4 PER CENT IN NOVEMBER with production volumes UP 10.62 PER CENT IN THE FIRST 11 MONTHS OF THE YEAR.

China's second-biggest steel producing province after Hebei, JIANGSU PRODUCED 74.2 MILLION TONNES IN 2012, UP 8 PER CENT on the year and accounting for 10.35 per cent of the country's total.

"THERE ARE A LOT OF SMALL PRIVATE MILLS IN JIANGSU," said Train. "The government isn't putting as much pressure on them as they are in Hebei - but that could easily change."

IN NOVEMBER, THERE WERE ALSO INCREASES IN STEEL OUTPUT from Liaoning province in the northeast of China and also in Shanxi.

Other polluting industries have also been affected.

Cement output in Hebei dropped 20 per cent in November from October and fell 1.82 per cent in the first 11 months of the year. MEANWHILE, PRODUCTION IN JIANGSU, CHINA'S BIGGEST cement producer, rose 8.3 per cent in November from October, or 8 per cent in the first 11 months.

PRODUCTION IN ZHEJIANG, ANHUI AND JIANGXI ALSO JUMPED BETWEEN 11 PER CENT AND 30 PER CENT IN NOVEMBER.

AIR POLLUTION IN SHANGHAI COULD ALSO BE AFFECTED BY INCREASED MANUFACTURING ACTIVITY IN THE YANGTZE RIVER DELTA, which encompasses provinces such as Jiangsu and Zhejiang.

OUTPUT OF COPPER AND ALUMINIUM PRODUCTS as well as flat-glass in Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Anhui ALL POSTED DOUBLE-DIGIT GAINS in the first 11 months of the year.

"MANY COPPER AND ALUMINIUM PRODUCTS MANUFACTURERS HAVE RAMPED UP PRODUCTION because of better demand and a stronger economy," said Feng Juncong, an analyst at state-backed Antaike Research.

"THE PICK-UP IN MANUFACTURING ACTIVITY AND SMELTING CAPACITY may have contributed to the WORSENING SMOG IN SHANGHAI." map from ChinaMaps.org

"Said Barbara Finamore, WHO HEADS THE NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENCE COUNCIL'S China Clean Energy programme "It is an ENVIRONMENTAL TIME BOMB that, unless defused, THREATENS TO CONVULSE THE ENTIRE PLANET REGARDLESS OF PROGRESS IN ALL OTHER NATIONS.".

7/31/2006, "CHINA'S AIR POLLUTION HITS UNITED STATES," asianews.it

"POLLUTION COMING FROM CHINA HAS REACHED CALIFORNIA AND OTHER AMERICAN STATES. Experts say that short of drastic intervention, China's expanding industry and private consumption WILL AFFECT THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE WHOLE WORLD."

Beijng (AsiaNews/Agencies), "Fumes and dust from industrial factories, coal-powered energy plants and privately owned cars in China are CROSSING THE OCEAN AND POLLUTING THE AIR IN THE UNITED STATES. If drastic intervention is not taken, the situation will deteriorate rapidly AND AFFECT THE ENTIRE GLOBE.

THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE COUNTRY'S RAPID ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DO NOT ONLY POLLUTE CHINA: THOUSANDS OF KM AWAY, ACROSS THE OCEAN, ON SOME DAYS, NEARLY 25% OF POLLUTING MATTER ABOVE LOS ANGELES CAN BE TRACED TO ASIA, ACCORDING TO THE US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY. Scientists have confirmed that the pollution is carried by air currents and they fear that China COULD ONE DAY ACCOUNT FOR A THIRD OF ALL CALIFORNIA'S AIR POLLUTION.

OZONE, CARBON MONOXIDE, MERCURY AND POLLUTING MATTER from Asia HAVE BEEN DETECTED on Mount Bachelor IN OREGON AND Cheeka Peak IN WASHINGTON STATE, says Dan Jaffe, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Washington.

"SO FAR, POLLUTION HAS SPREAD IN THE AIR AROUND THE WORLD," Professor Jaffe said. "There is no place you can put away your pollution any more."

DR CLIFF, A RESEARCH ENGINEER AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS, said: "FROM THE EXPANSION OF CHINA [with higher consumption of fossil fuels and more use of vehicles and private consumption], we're going to see increased pollution", and this will damage the climate too.

ABOUT A THIRD OF THE ASIAN POLLUTION IS DUST, which is increasing due to drought and deforestation, Dr Cliff said. THE REST COMES FROM FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION: SULFUR, SOOT AND TRACE METALS. This matter could also affect climate by trapping heat, reflecting light or changing rainfall patterns.

"IF THEY [THE CHINESE] STARTED DRIVING CARS AND USING ELECTRICITY AT THE RATE IN THE DEVELOPED WORLD, the amount of pollution they generate will increase many, many times," said Tony Van Curen, a researcher who works with Dr Cliff.

COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS SUPPLY TWO-THIRDS OF CHINA'S ENERGY AND A NEW COAL-POWERED PLANT IS BUILT EVERY WEEK. Every year, the number of Chinese people who own cars is increasing by about 10%, with a corresponding increase of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. At the current rate of development, CHINA WILL SURPASS THE US AS THE WORLD'S LARGEST EMITTER of greenhouse gases in the next decade"...

[Ed. note: CHINA CO2 DID SURPASS THE US IN 2006, the year this article was written, and has continued to skyrocket. CHINA CO2 NOW DWARFS THE REST of the world. US CO2 HAS PLUNGED IN RECENT YEARS and is HEADING LOWER.]

.

(continuing):

"said Barbara Finamore, who heads the NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENCE COUNCIL'S China Clean Energy programme. "It is an ENVIRONMENTAL TIME BOMB that, unless defused, THREATENS TO CONVULSE THE ENTIRE PLANET REGARDLESS OF PROGRESS IN ALL OTHER NATIONS.".

EVEN CHINESE ENVIRONMENTAL OFFICIALS FEAR THAT POLLUTION LEVELS COULD QUADRUPLE OVER THE NEXT 15 YEARS in the absence of radical interventions to rein in the trend. Beijing plans to spend US2 billion to clean the environment over the next five years, BUT THE SCALE OF THE PROBLEM IS IMMENSE AND AGGRAVATED BY FREQUENT SERIOUS INDUSTRIAL INCIDENTS. On 12 June, a truck carrying more than 60 tons of coal tar, toxic and potentially causing tumours, fell "by accident" into Dosha River in Shanxi. The river is used for drinking water and feeds many other important water flows.

Also in June, the Zhejiang Longxin Chemical factory, which PRODUCES HYDROGEN PEROXIDE in Longquan, Zhejiang, discharged POISONOUS GAS AFTER SEVERAL BLASTS."

12/26/13, "SHANGHAI WARNS CHILDREN TO STAY INDOORS ON HAZE, PM2.5 SURGE," Bloomberg

SHANGHAI AIR POLLUTION CAUSES CANCELLATION OF AIR TRAVEL, road closures, halt in construction, Dec. 2013:

12/6/13, "SHANGHAI GRINDS TO A HALT AS SMOG NEARS TOP OF AIR POLLUTION SCALE," South China Morning Post

"FLIGHTS SCRAPPED, ROADS CLOSED AND CONSTRUCTION STOPPED as pollution hits east and south; no relief expected until Sunday at the earliest."

"CHINA'S NEIGHBOURS, SUCH AS SOUTH KOREA AND JAPAN, are likely to complain about the effect of pollution on them. ENVIRONMENT OFFICIALS FROM THE SEOUL CITY GOVERNMENT WILL ARRIVE IN BEIJING next Wednesday. They are expected to urge China to begin sharing air pollution information with them."...

* Shanghai grinds to a halt as smog nears top of air pollution scale

* 'Severe' air pollution spikes in Beijing

6/5/12, "CHINA TELLS US EMBASSY TO STOP REPORTING BEIJING POLLUTION," worldnews.nbcnews.com

"While China tightened air pollution monitoring standards in January, THE OFFICIAL READING AND THE U.S. EMBASSY READING CAN OFTEN BE FAR APART."...

(Note: Maps below from the 2007 WSJ article which I copied some years ago don't appear in the archived article at the moment. Susan.)

7/20/2007, "HUGE DUST PLUMES FROM CHINA CAUSE CHANGES IN CLIMATE," Robert Lee Hotz, Wall St. Journal

"Courtesy SeaWiFS Project, NASA/GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER and ORBIMAGE"

"A satellite view from 2001 shows dust arriving in California from Asian deserts. Concentrations of DUST ARE VISIBLE to the south, near the coastline (lower right); To the west the dust is mixed with clouds over open ocean. This dust event caused a persistent haze in places like Death Valley, California, where skies are usually crystal clear." image via Wall St. Journal-"ONE TAINTED EXPORT FROM CHINA can't be avoided in North America -- air. An outpouring of dust layered with man-made sulfates, smog, industrial fumes, carbon grit and nitrates is CROSSING THE PACIFIC OCEAN on prevailing winds from booming Asian economies IN PLUMES SO VAST THEY ALTER THE CLIMATE. THESE RIVERS OF POLLUTED AIR CAN BE WIDER THAN THE AMAZON AND DEEPER than the Grand Canyon.

.

"There are times when it covers the entire Pacific Ocean basin like a ribbon bent back and forth," said atmospheric physicist V. Ramanathan AT THE SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY IN LA JOLLA, CALIF.

On some days, ALMOST A THIRD OF THE AIR OVER LOS ANGELES AND SAN FRANCISCO can be traced directly to Asia. With it comes up to three-quarters of the black carbon particulate pollution that reaches the West Coast, Dr. Ramanathan and his colleagues recently REPORTED IN THE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH....ASIA IS THE WORLD'S LARGEST SOURCE OF AEROSOLS, MAN-MADE AND NATURAL. Every spring and summer, storms whip up silt from the Gobi desert of Mongolia and the hardpan of the Taklamakan desert of western China, where, FOR CENTURIES, DUST HAS SHAPED A WAY OF LIFE. From the dunes of Dunhuang, where VENDORS HAWK GAUZE FACE MASKS alongside braided leather camel whips, to the oasis of Kashgar at the feet of the Tian Shan Mountains 1,500 miles to the west, there is no escaping it.... ONCE ALOFT, THE PLUMES CAN CIRCLE THE WORLD IN THREE WEEKS. "In a very real and immediate sense, you can look at a dust event you are breathing in China and look at this same dust as it tracks across the Pacific and reaches the United States," SAID CLIMATE ANALYST Jeff Stith at the NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH IN COLORADO. "It is A REMARKABLE MIX of natural and man-made particles."

This spring, Dr. Ramanathan and Dr. Stith led an international research team in a 1 million National Science Foundation project TO TRACK SYSTEMATICALLY THE PLUMES across the Pacific. NASA satellites have monitored the clouds from orbit for several years, but this was the first effort to analyze them in detail.

FOR SIX WEEKS, THE RESEARCHERS CRUISED THE PACIFIC aboard a specially instrumented Gulfstream V jet to SAMPLE THESE EXOTIC AIRSTREAMS. Their findings, to be released this year, INVOLVED NASA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and NINE U.S. UNIVERSITIES, as well as the National Institute for Environmental Studies in JAPAN, Seoul National University in KOREA, and Lanzhou University and Peking University in CHINA.

THE TEAM DETECTED A NEW HIGH-ALTITUDE PLUME EVERY THREE OR FOUR DAYS. Each one was UP TO 300 MILES WIDE AND SIX MILES DEEP, a vaporous layer cake of pollutants. The higher the plumes, the longer they lasted, the faster they traveled and the more pronounced their effect, the researchers said."...

"Courtesy SeaWiFS Project, NASA/GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER, and ORBIMAGE.A satellite image from 2005 shows a PLUME OF DUST FLOWING FROM CHINA TO THE NORTH OF THE KOREAN PENINSULA and over the Sea of Japan. Such plumes can cross the Pacific and scatter dust across the Western U.S."

"Asia-Pacific," map showing proximity of China, India, and Australia

1/21/2013, "EX-MINISTER BLAMES CHINA'S POLLUTION MESS ON LACK OF RULE OF LAW," South China Morning Post, Li Jing

"Above-the-law leaders PASSED UP CHANCE TO AVOID ENVIRONMENTAL WOES decades ago,choosing frenzied growth instead of protecting resources"

Change in GLOBAL CO2 US V CHINA, 2005 TO 2011, energy related, US EIA (US Energy Dept.), WSJ, April 2013

4/18/13, "RISE IN U.S. GAS PRODUCTION FUELS UNEXPECTED PLUNGE IN EMISSIONS," WSJ, Russell Gold

"U.S. CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS HAVE FALLEN DRAMATICALLY IN RECENT YEARS, in large part because THE COUNTRY IS MAKING MORE ELECTRICITY WITH NATURAL GAS instead of coal."...

6/10/13, 2012 US CO2 continues to drop. CHART FROM IEA REPORT, China continues to rise. (Above chart is thru 2011) :

.

1/29/13, "China Uses Nearly as Much Coal as Rest of World Combined, EIA Says," Wall St. Journal, Cassandra Sweet

.

.

U Biofuel Sustainability Criteria Inconsistent

EU BIOFUEL SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIA 'INCONSISTENT'

EURACTIVE

BACKGROUND:

In December 2008, EU leaders reached authorization on a new Renewable Set in motion Domination, which requires both sponsor warrant to meet 10% of its transport fuel requirements from renewable sources, amid biofuels, hydrogen and deluxe electricity, by 2020 (see EurActiv LinksDossier).

The association in addition to synchronize sustainability criteria for biofuels. It obliges the section to find out that biofuels proposition at smallest possible 35% carbon oozing money compared to fossil fuels. The conceive rises to 50% as of 2017 and 60% as of 2018 (EurActiv 05/12/08).

Subdue, concerns individual been raised that bigger biofuel production would result in remarkable deforestation and individual biting implications for chuck payment, as energy crops knob other domain uses (supposed inferred land-use growth).

The Renewable Set in motion Domination and the Add to Bring forward Domination, collection as slap of the EU's coarsen growth and energy package in December support blind date, humble the European Argument to make a manuscript "reviewing the posture of inferred land-use growth on hothouse gas emissions" and to have a go ways to minimise its posture. The manuscript may well be accompanied by a proposols for a genuine get in touch with for calculating inferred land-use growth, which may well be viable to other commodities.

PUBLISHED: FRIDAY 11 DECEMBER 2009

Aristocratic in-depth studies are key to change for the better a sturdy get in touch with for calculating inferred land-use growth caused by EU biofuel production, more a French consultancy's size up of currently-known options.

A assess analysing tide methodologies to map the posture of Oblique Land Use Deviation (ILUC) on hothouse gas (GHG) emissions tourist attractions through discrepancies once upon a time they are viable to different biofuel production processes.

The assess, compiled by BeCitizen, a French jade consultancy, concludes that percentages of a biofuel's sniping or brainy posture on GHG emissions rise and fall a lot depending on the crop and setting of production, and asserts that tide studies indicate a low level of pomposity.

It would thus be "foolish" to use existing methods as a sample for policymaking, BeCitizens careworn.

The five methodologies reviewed adopt public accessible by Searchinger, Ecofys, Fritsche, Fargione and Links of the Den.

Their methodologies were all analysed according to the verdict criteria branded by the European Argument. The three criteria are:

* The set of domain displaced per hectare of biofuel planted;
* the type of domain and the kingdom where the transaction takes scenery, and;
* the GHG emissions associated to the ILUC.

With, the methodologies were reviewed according to a bring to the fore eight sub-criteria: the bizarre worth of a agreed biofuel's by-products, the level of forfeit, amalgamation of second-generation biofuels, the type of domain strenuous by the ILUC, the carbon stored by the new crop, the timescale of carbon mingle view, budding carbon emissions and the source confirmation for calculating emissions.

The consultancy careworn that "in-depth studies individual to be conducted to change for the better a sturdy get in touch with" incorporating all the more factors.

Diplomatic CHOICES, Fiscal DECISIONS

Capucine Laurent, bait a cut above of BeCitizen's biomass and agro-resources fork, careworn that quite a lot of of the criteria represented "enthusiast choices", fondness choosing the timescale of carbon mingle view. The assess indicated that the reel of the empire select "will individual a great posture on the continue result" and can rise and fall surrounded by -30% and +350% depending on whether the mingle is intended better-quality 20 or 50 go.

And ILUC is in addition to an "fiscal decision," putting during partnership the millions of euros or invested in the sector and its production line up, as at least as connected jobs, she other.

In any shield, amid ILUC for biofuel criteria is birth to individual "through assess for the biofuel effort," she noted.

NO CONSENUS ON Stratagem OPTIONS

None of the five tide studies, according to BeCitizen, attracts classlessness in addition to stakeholders.

A Argument 'pre-consultation' on a set of enthusiast choices to run during make note of the equipment of inferred land-use growth caused by biofuels, organised in summer 2009, did not license consenus either (EurActiv 30/07/09).

Both NGOs and effort are reheat something like the objective of extending the field of study of land-use growth to other commodities and countries, rather than limiting the vogue to biofuels left in the EU deserted.

The effort would back an sophisticated authorization to defend carbon-rich habitats, an objective which NGOs are not assertive by.

NGOs' favoured cipher risk would be the engagement of the ILUC ingredient in GHG calculations for biofuels, an objective loath by the effort.

Close STEPS:

* Tread 2010: Argument to exempt get in touch with for integrating the posture of inferred land-use growth in the lifecycle belief of European biofuels.
* BY END JUNE 2010: EU sponsor states to tender their home town renewable energy pull strategy.
* 31 DEC. 2010: Deadline for Argument manuscript on land-use growth. The manuscript may well be accompanied by a genuine get in touch with for calculating inferred land-use growth.

-- Veerle Dossche Palm leaf EU Firewood Radical Rue d'Edimbourg 26 1050 Brussels tel + 32 2 894.46.96 fax + 32 2 894.46.10 veerle@fern.org Palm leaf place to top off generous jade and companionable impartiality, focusing on forests and lumber peoples' nationality in the policies and practices of the European Merger. Subscribe to Firewood Manage at www.branch.org/forestwatch signup.html

Geothermal Peru

November 25, 2008 by usuario81159

Rough vigor of Peru for the generation of electricity in the middle of thermal rinse, geothermal, from energy amounts to something like 3,000 megawatts (Mw), held at the moment the Envoy Minister of energy, Pedro Gamio.

He lessened out that this measure has been rough by Japanese experts and announced that in the South of the nation facing began studies for the generation of electricity in the geothermal fields Borateras and hot in the Part of Tacna.

According to free pre-feasibility studies, the vigor for generation of electricity from all fields amounts to 150 Mw Calientes would hoard 100 Mw and Borateros 50 Mw.

"This project is the beginning of the growth of a new source of renewable generation is geothermal energy that has innumerable advantages to the same degree it is renewable, helps interior growth and involves a abbreviation of the energy connections of South Peru," he told the Andean Organization.

He besieged that these geothermal energy projects tend custom a Springs ecotourism project in the picture. They would let some light in agriculture to hoard her appropriate rinse to transport gigantic metals they misappropriate rinse used in the project, and it would renovate the agricultural limit.

"The utmost burial place business is that it is a source of cost-cutting power that a weighty Diesel 2 or Lasting, and never dries", he besieged.

The Envoy Minister referred Peru annually need 300 additional Mw, the swelling in appropriate for electricity.

It noted guarantees a allege of inside refund 14% according to project pre-feasibility Borateros and hot.

"If one includes the cut of clean growth, i.e. the carbon rapport, which is a infinitely burial place money-making knob has the set world to position renewable energy projects and strip the emission of gaseous pollutants in dirt Go ashore, the inside allege of refund may well be to 20 percent", explained.

The project is financing the Ascend for large-scale espouse of Japan (JBIC) and the Demand of the finger film of Japan (Jetro), as skillfully as the Ministry of energy and mines (MEM).

Register pre-feasibility, Enrique Lima sorority West Japan Business Consultants, acknowledged that the investment enviable to make the hot geothermal electricity generation flora and fauna would be 130 million dollars and Borateros 100 million.

He held that 30 existence of deed of the factory would picture perfect money of 60 percent compared to one that uses natural gas, that's why, in the want moniker its deed is by far cheaper.

Bar, the chief investment would be infinitely weak for the group of a distinct supporter and the Japan Dispensation may well amalgamate its entrap through credits.

Lima also rough that the vigor of geothermal energy in Peru may well usually be a factor 50 percent of the wishes of electricity in the nation amounting to 6,000 Mw.Mystery in geothermal energy No pronounce

Petrosun To Provide Algae Derived Biodiesel For Emissions Studies

SCOTTSDALE, AZ--(Marketwire - Pace 5, 2009) - PetroSun, Inc. announced currently it has solidify to transfer five drums of B100 biodiesel resulting from algae for three unrestricted emissions studies particular conducted by Carnegie Mellon, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and NextEnergy. The information shaped from these studies mettle be of benefit to the algae-to-biofuel selling and ameliorate in the Company's pains to establish a carbon attribute program for commercial algae operations.

The emissions studies conducted by Carnegie Mellon mettle guard the exploration for industrial the whole story that the emissions from the flash of algae resulting biofuels are characterized and transfer a similarity of emissions to that of fossil fuel flash. The program calls for emissions base from assorted different sources.

The UCLA program, funded by a multi-year go along with from the US Part of Doggedness, mettle unite research to protest industrial come into contact with of particulate emission tax and the chemical and specific properties of populace particles of interest to survive. Far away properties of the fuel such as nitrogen oxide emissions and coarse multipart speciation may plus be all-embracing.

The NextEnergy research mettle be conducted as separate of the Federation Biofuel Doggedness Laboratory program based in Detroit, Michigan. The outline of the project mettle be directed at comparing the depart of biofuels on a lab scale derivation, zombie dynamometers and the usage of vehicles out of inaccessible weather.

PetroSun BioFuels, a solely owned consequence, mettle transfer the algal oil feedstock for substitute during B100 by a third welcome biodiesel refiner. The five drums (275 gallons) of B100 for the emissions studies mettle be allocated from an original run of nearly 80,000 gallons of algal oil for substitute during ASTM spec biodiesel.

Favorably : PetroSun Reflexology Clear

Geothermal Energy Facts

Geothermal energy has previous to been described on SpartanSaving combination era and it's before I finish living to set all the bits and pieces in the environs of this form of renewable energy. This is a hasty list of all the GEOTHERMAL Vigor Reasonableness that you requisite know.

This is the at first geothermal energy fake in the world, in Italy.

* Geothermal energy has previous to been in use for thousands of years. Hot springs were hand-me-down by the Romans and Native American's level.
* Geothermal comes from the Greek words: Geo, furrow and therme, poach.
* Geothermal energy is previous as it can relinquish poach as dainty as energy from the awfully source.
* The at first geothermal fake was built in Italy in 1904 and is settle down implementation currently.
* Iceland generates flat 87% of it's poach from geothermal sources and flat 25% of it's electricity is generated from 5 geothermal power plant life.
* Impart are currently in the environs of 24 countries in the world by way of geothermal power, all situated careful or on tectonic boundaries.
* Geothermal energy is clean, real and renewable.
* No matter what all these advantages, geothermal energy accounts for straightforwardly 10,715 MW of complete energy production but project in development strength of mind expand that form to 18,500 MW by 2015.
* 90% of the geothermal energy shaped in the Location States is shaped in flat 30 plant life all placed in California.
* Geothermal power stations are further less important than other power stations and can glibly be grown if seizure was greater than before.

* The resource base for geothermal energy is fat than the accumulate resource base of coal, uranium and all petroleum products accumulate.
* All 100 meters frozen the conceal, the poach rises by in the environs of 3 degrees Celsius, on middle. This is called the geothermal hill.
* Dry stream margin geothermal power plant life were at first hand-me-down in the Location States in the 1960s at The Geysers, 90 miles North of San Fransisco. The project was a potent glory.
* A hot water geothermal power fake conceal by bringing up soft water sizzling from 300-700 quantity Fahrenheit to the conceal. At conceal the want is entranced and the superheated soft water flashes participating in murk which as a consequence powers turbines for energy.
* In chairs correspondence the Azores and Iceland, family tree develop been by way of geothermal hot springs to turn out necessities in fabulous ways for hundreds of years.
* Impart are flat 250 communities in the Location States that source their electricity from geothermal plant life.
* The energy source has optional extra low emissions of art school and other gases flat the lasting of it's power fake.
* The poach compelled for the power plant life strength of mind prevail in the awfully territory frozen the Hideaway from 5000- 1 million years from now sincerely making the energy source ceaseless for our requirements.

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The world has three types of energy sources. Inhabit which gone hand-me-down, are entranced : Nonrenewable Cash. Inhabit which strength of mind raid forever: Ceaseless Vigor Cash. Inhabit which gone hand-me-down can be hand-me-down a...
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You may be speechless to know, but geothermal energy has been anyone hand-me-down by humans for hundreds of years. All persons hot springs and roman baths you discover in the environs of. Very they were all mechanical by geotherm...
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Gl Garrad Hassan Wind Energy Consultancy

Headquartered in Bristol (UK), GL Garrad Hassan offers impartial wind energy consultancy and has operations sideways the world, along with India. They stage technical/engineering services and schooling courses for moreover on-shore and off-shore wind sectors. They are exceedingly enthusiastic on solar, move ">

GL Garrad Hassan offers consultancy services to manufacturers, investors/lenders, developers/operators, Government/NGO's for moreover on-shore and off-shore wind energy projects. They stage software packages for design/certification of on-shore and off-shore wind turbines, sly wind farms, background operation ">

GL Garrad Hassan publishes magazines, technical ID and journals for the wind energy meticulousness. You can read their "energize renewables" publication published online, from during.

"Spanking INFO/ WEBSITE:" GL Garrad Hassan

What Up With Biofuels

gobar gas ranch

Anything are biofuels? Biomass refers to regard such as dry foliage, farm products, mean hogwash and sometimes copse. Biomass can be used as a renewable source of energy - biofuels. Whereas biofuels are not as rationalized as coal and petroleum, they are natural, not more than polluting and forthright to expose. For example, shared a kilogram of dry foliage can confer as much energy as 300g of coal. Diverse coal, foliage flourish and droplet both go out with, so we are not true to run out of them without delay.

In Indian villages, in this area one-third of all the energy used comes from biofuel. The bachelor supreme topmost biofuel in pure India is gobar gas (gas from cow compost). Energy from this biofuel is used for gastronomy, power, and transport. Biomass is biodegradable, which key in that if you go off it on the event, it disintegrates by itself. Biofuels award low fuel for the pure genus of India, but tragically are not used much in the cities. If cities used biofuels, they may perhaps convene had not more than grubbiness.

Bang on this pictogram to see how compost is used to fuel fuel in an Indian settlement. Compost from horses is put here a bar boiler, and then it flows deflated to the main boiler. Give to it is all squished up and the gas (biofuel) accumulates at the top. This gas is now besotted to the kitchen with a yelp. One bachelor meaning can confer adequate gas for five days in the kitchen. The extremely shrewdness can be applied in institution, this speed plus 15-20 tanks. Like adequate gas accumulates at the top, it can be burned to fuel electricity.

In the US, the supreme traditionally used biofuel is ethanol. S.E.E.K. encourages all Americans to use biodiesel complete from ethanol. Ethanol is a absolve liquid extracted from bump and steady crops. Supplementary to petroleum, ethanol decreases carbon emissions. E5 for example, is the number of a fuel that is 5% ethanol and 95% petroleum. Depending on the ethanol on cloud nine, fuels can be E10, E20, E85 or flat tire E100. Utmost cars phantom run on E5-E100 fuel in the absence of needing new or modified engines (awfully old cars may perhaps go boom!), but we proposition you put heads together a mechanic past unexciting your gas boiler plus ethanol.

One get stuck plus ethanol is that bump for horses and mortal food is unfocused to energy production. To elect the finalize fuel desires of the US, 55% of the finalize cut twig would convene to be supportive to bump for ethanol production. Innovations by scientists, by extra hydrogen to the ethanol production process, can imply us confer increase by two as much ethanol from the extremely twig of cut. Pig fats can too be used alongside bump to confer biodiesel. Biodiesels can be mixed plus petroleum to mix B2, B5, B20 and B85 fuels. B5 is 5% biodiesels mixed plus 95% petroleum. The emissions from cars sway on biodiesel are cleaner than emissions from cars sway on gas. Assist the world. Use biodiesels and ethanol!

Offer are unreservedly a few different kinds of biofuels. It doesn't regard which one you use, you phantom still imply the environment!

To poll your conception of the information surprise on this beep, print out this Biofuels Crossword Stun.

Vocabulary: Give to are the meanings of a few tongue.

Biomass - raw materials such as foliage, hogwash and copse

Biofuels - energy created from biomass.

Biodegradable - raw materials that tear deflated willingly.

Renewable - can be used better-quality and better-quality anew.

Give to are a few Multicolored Single AND STATISTICS:

1. 90% of the pure households in India use biofuels.

2. 15% of the community households in India use biofuels.

3. Biofuels produces not more than CO2 emissions than coal or petroleum.

Global Pv Demand Shifting Due To Regulatory Changes

27. June 2011 Applications Installations, Global PV markets, Industry Suppliers, Markets Trends By: Becky Stuart

New research suggests that photovoltaic market shares in Asia Pacific and the U.S. are set to significantly increase by 2015. Meanwhile, a "huge" 25 gigawatts (GW) of projects are in the pipeline in the U.S., China and India.

Having completed work on three new Regional Downstream PV Market reports, Solarbuzz has come to the conclusion that five leading Asian Pacific markets, led by Japan and India, will account for at least 26 percent of global photovoltaics demand by 2015. This is up from just 11 percent in 2010. The U.S.' share meanwhile, will increase from five percent in 2010 to 14 percent in 2015.

Europe's global photovoltaic grip, on the other hand, is projected to slip from 81 percent in 2010 to 65 percent this year and 53 percent in 2015. In stark contrast, from 2009 to 2010, Europe's share increased by an impressive 170 percent.

The shifting demand, which has been much publicized since last year, is said to be primarily down to the frequent feed-in tariff and solar incentive changes in key European markets.

"Specifically," says a statement released by Solarbuzz, "European markets, led by Germany and Italy, have absorbed feed-in tariff (FIT) rate cuts of up to one-third between January 1, 2010 and July 1, 2011. These reductions have caused Q1'11 demand in Germany, the world's largest PV market, to collapse to less than half of its Q1'10 size."

The policy changes have hit the ground-mount market the hardest. However, while rooftop photovoltaic tariff rates remained attractive across Europe, investor confidence in this sector, according to Solarbuzz, is only just starting to come back.

Huge pipelines

In addition to shifting photovoltaics demand, Solarbuzz states that the U.S., China and India have a 25 GW project pipeline. "Project development activity is intense in these countries," explains Craig Stevens, president of Solarbuzz. However, he adds that the projects will only be successfully executed if issues like permitting, financing and project structuring are overcome.

Asia

The reports also find that China's photovoltaic industry performed particularly well last year, with its domestic market more than doubling in size. Ningxia and Jiangsu were named as the two largest provincial markets, and the utility segment was said to account for 49 percent of the country's total photovoltaics industry.

Overall, China was the second biggest Asian Pacific photovoltaic market after a "rejuvenated" Japan. Solarbuzz reports that photovoltaics in Japan grew 111 percent year on year. As has been the trend in the country, residential demand is strongest, and accounts for a massive 82 percent of its overall market.

"Strong solar policy support already in place before the Fukushima nuclear disaster indicates that the Japanese market is projected to grow to between 1.3-1.5 GW in 2011," says Solarbuzz.

->

Article source: http://www.pv-magazine.com/news/details/beitrag/global-pv-demand-shifting-due-to-regulatory-changes 100003448/

The post Global PV demand shifting due to regulatory changes appeared first on Renewable Electron.

Energy Storages Quiet Revolution

California, Connected States [RenewableEnergyWorld.com] Gone A123Systems saw its shares set off improved than 50 percent in a champion Nasdaq debut suffer in September, a number of industry insiders theoretical it would be the eminent of a horde of big energy-storage headlines. Moderately, energy storage seems to run fallen out of the underline, triumph energy nearby as extensively flaunt as Come into flower Energy, a fuel-cell company persistent on electricity generation quite of energy storage, generated like it launched bear month. But a serialized of latest small announcements pointer that energy-storage technologies are unperturbedly making get near commercialization immobile. "Award seems to be a lot improved steal in the bear few months, and what's captivating is it's not all on the automotive envelop," meant Sara Bradford, a of great magnitude shrink for global research unite Icy & Sullivan. Being automobiles story a key separate for new energy-storage technologies, she's seeing a "spillover act" as research and investment spreads participating in other areas, plus grid applications for utilities and nonautomotive transportation. Every examples? In February, Valence Gear signed a 45 million indulgence to supply its lithium-ion battery systems for a new battle of hybrid-electric yachts, sailboats and motorboats from Beneteau Populace. And International Munitions store, additional lithium-ion rechargeable battery manufacturer, announced it was selected to supply battery systems for an American Electric Urge smart-grid walkout project in Ohio. The fill energy storage disintegration of the project, which is interior suitable by S&C Electric Setup, is intended help put on a normal footing the grid and furnish stick up for power, potentially enabling plug-in electric vehicles and a senior percentage of inappropriate renewable-energy sources, such as solar and wind power. In January, battery author GS Munitions store teamed up with screen-printed solar-cell manufacturer Suniva to develop solar-power systems with batteries that can food cupboard the energy for become old of place precise. And Ice Energy - which reduces place electricity precise from air conditioners in the core of the day by making ice at depressing, like precise is low and abundance electricity is ready, and using it to help fuel air conditioning refrigerant like temperatures are elevate - signed a indulgence to sell its campaign to the 11 city utilities represented by the Southern California Frequent Urge Command. Being many of the announcements run represented moral small ladder - such as funnel projects or an mesmerize participating in alcove markets - they assume that a measure of technologies are on the appropriate track, and a number of are best part to go, she meant. "Enthusiastic ideas are upshot that set the prevail to more or less make [commercialization] turn off limited," Bradford meant. "These announcements are unsurprisingly ladder in the appropriate order to get these technologies best part for electric vehicles and the grid." Electric vehicles and grid storage stage huge secure markets for new energy-storage technologies. As startups Tesla Motors and Fisker Automotive gathering to upturn electric sports cars, companies such as General Motors Corp., Ford Motor Co., and Volkswagen are quickening to form out with plug-in hybrids. And as utilities gathering to wrap up state renewable-energy goals and add improved solar and wind power to their portfolios, energy storage to help comfort out the inappropriate power from family sources is proper consistently improved difficult.ROADBLOCKS Presumptuous Of handle, energy storage technologies run a number of big obstacles to stupefied earlier they'll be commercially viable for family applications, Bradford meant. First of all, they're too expensive, and companies are feat to cut costs. Car battery systems above and beyond need elevate power density, as automakers conjure batteries to make available a want electric room with as to the point accumulation and concern as discretionary, and - point the elevate density - technology that ensures they that won't commit fire. Wellbeing above and beyond is a big issue for stick up for power batteries, especially family intended for homes, Bradford meant. And even though any electric vehicle and clean-energy markets run been spurred by status initiatives and policies, any the car industry and the energy industry are scandalously sagging. In universal, companies with combination applications spur be improved achievable to run the bed they need to endure the support to the electric vehicle and grid markets, Bradford meant. "Distinctly, the Divine Grail is to be in the automotive or grid market for this technology, but the sincerity is nearby wishes to be alcove applications to build that drive too fast to family big bait," she meant. Why are we seeing all this activity now? For one individual, Bradford thinks we may be seeing a caught up act from the A123 IPO. "It didn't turn off appropriate in another place - 2009 was a gravelly go out with for the industry, with a number of setbacks in instruct forthcoming in and the economic depression - but now I'm seeing a number of new interest," she meant. "Without a doubt I finger from the research that we've seen and the market war that this [sector] may cut into improved securely than others like the economy recovers." The goad sachet above and beyond played a big job in raising interest in energy-storage technology, picture pronounce 2 billion in erudite battery manufacturing grants and up to 25 billion in loans for erudite vehicles, plus related energy-storage technologies. Claim go out with, Bradford meant that the U.S. battery industry was "purring with re-energized drive" as a surety of the goad sachet. Calm although the money up front guarantees run rolled out improved lazily than theoretical, the status funding has tenaciously had an act. For example, like A123 won a 249 million manufacturing honor from the U.S. Dresser of Energy a month earlier its key group impart bear go out with, it "was scenic clear [the honor] helped get investors agitated about the company," meant Sheeraz Haji, beginning of the Cleantech Populace. "Inwardly treasury is following group treasury." Venture-capital investment in energy storage grew 23 percent globally in 2009 to 472 million, according to the collection. By means of all the status and venture-capital nuisance, you can look forward to to see improved energy-storage announcements forthcoming immediately. It remainder to be seen whether the announcements spur surety in upright products that can help push electric vehicles and improved renewable energy on the grid, but Bradford meant that a mixture of companies are now end up their association subdivision - be aware of that it requirement immediately get to clear whether their technologies are best part to accommodate these markets or not. One good bearer of news is that a few companies are commencing to see revenues, she meant, pointing to Valence's commercial indulgence. Bradford expects to see improved energy-storage technologies to hit the market in the after that 12 to 18 months.Eat and Enjoy:

Wind Works In Michigan

The wind industry has come a long way in Michigan and in the nation. From the passage of a comprehensive energy statute in 2008 that included Michigan's Renewable Portfolio Standard, costs have dropped so that wind is now the cheapest generation option, and one of the cheapest additions to the generation fleet even without the federal PTC. What's more, the amount of power generated from the technology in the machines has increased to capacity factors that rival baseload - over 40% for some new farms in Michigan. Five minute incremental forecasting has improved so dramatically that MISO has had over 25% of its footprint satisfied with wind generation a few years ago and Iowa has routinely handled 40% wind. Michigan utilities and energy industry met the RPS and are frankly, able to build right past it.

Wind has proven itself while playing against a stacked deck of federal supports for other energy sources.

But questions about the future remain.

While Michigan was meeting the RPS, Governor Snyder set our policymakers along a path of deliberation. In November of 2012, the governor offered his first Special Message on Energy and the Environment which focused on eliminating energy waste and keeping energy policy adaptable for the future. The tenets he laid out then - affordability, reliability, adaptable and protecting of the environment - are the same that were explored through the year of listening sessions around the state. The pillars are the same as he outlined just last week when discussing his approach to energy in 2015. I applaud the Governor for this focus, and the verdict is in: wind energy in Michigan can deliver affordable, reliable, and sustainable energy in a way that makes our energy mix more adaptable.

Ongoing discussions within the industry today include the following topics.

- There is a continued need to talk about siting. The Thumb has a large majority of the wind farms in Michigan because it also has the best wind. How can Michigan make good decisions in concert with local communities about balancing economic development with the non-economic needs of the community?

- What does the Clean Power Plan mean as policy makers consider the path forward for the state? It is critical that EPA lay out how states will get credit to clear the path for additional policy measures now.

- The fits and starts of policy are terrible for business. How much more contraction will take place because of the lack of certainty? Here the RPS was mostly met last year. Without any signal on policy, we have already seen business pack up and move on. That trend will likely continue unless we do something to keep them here.

- Another recurring theme has been the rising tide of corporations investing in renewable energy. Big corporations investing include Google, Microsoft, Ikea, and home team companies from large to small including GM, Herman Miller, Steelcase, Dow Corning, and Bell's Brewing.

- In Michigan, both incumbent utilities say that wind fits into their future portfolios due to improving economics and better technology.

- There is a desire to act on legislation this year.

These themes are important, and need to be thoughtfully dealt with by policymakers, by industry leaders, and by Michigan communities.

Make no mistake: wind energy is good for Michigan. As the lowest cost option, it's helping to reduce the highest electricity rates in the Midwest. As locally-generated power, it's delivering real benefits for Michigan communities while creating jobs for Michigan workers. And we can do more. Much more.

Now is the time to act. Wind power fits neatly into Michigan's future generation portfolio by virtue of improved forecasting, accelerated engineering designs, increasing capacity factors, decreasing costs, and protection of one of our most precious resources - water.

Now is the time to build policy on the deliberative foundation.

Because by any measure, the 2008 energy law has been a resounding success. More than 2 billion in direct investment as a result of Michigan's wind industry. Millions in local tax revenue. And a resurgence of Michigan's manufacturing base, with Michigan firms helping to supply the parts that make Michigan wind happen. And all at a fraction of the cost that was anticipated just seven years ago.

Indeed, it's difficult to think of a more impactful, more cost-effective public policy measure that's been enacted in the last twenty years. More local energy, more local jobs, all with less pollution and at less cost. Truly, what's not to like?

So the evidence is in. The numbers have been crunched. Wind works for Michigan. The last decade has delivered real results. Now let's make sure the next ten years are even better.

Florida Lawmakers Not On Same Page Regarding Alternative Energy

"It's rather frightening what's in the field of in the Average East, and our land-living is way too subject on peculiar oil."

That was our new executive, Crick Scott, native tongue to a deactivate of us who gathered in western Martin Section on its last legs week for the commitment of Florida Tautness and Light's new solar plant.

We impart Scott doesn't conduct in speedily block as a talk to for decreasing have faith in on fossil fuels. He right turned disheartened billions of federal dollars for that consume, ticking off every of his guy Republicans.

So, I was weird. When does Scott moniker for our state so it comes to energy?

"We've got to figure out how we can enthusiasm advanced discrete, and we've got to normal at alternative fuels, such as solar," Scott meant, distinction in a stripe of advanced than 190,000 solar-thermal mirrors that power FPL's Martin Then Day of the week Stellar Promote Central point.

There's absolutely one thought. The Ray State's lawmakers can't good to get on the exceptionally buzz so it comes to alternative energy.

It's been three excitement being Florida lawmakers prearranged legislation allowing up to 110 megawatts of solar power to be built straddling the state. It was landmark legislation at the time, and FPL with pleasure used up that capacity.

It built the 75-megawatt Martin plant and two photovoltaic plants in DeSoto and Brevard counties (25 and 10 megawatts, each). All three are now producing power using the sun's daylight.

Renewable energy advocates continue been pushing for advanced legislation in the excitement being in addition to, to no avail. Later than the state Motherland obstinate on an alternative energy align, the Lower house didn't go for it - and decadence versa.

That disappeared Florida way eat the curve. Thirty-one states continue convention that propose utilities to generate a fixed measured quantity of electricity from renewable or alternative energy sources.

Florida is not one of them.

FPL stands petit mal to assemble 500 megawatts of new solar plants in Florida, but it requirements advanced legislation to make it be seen. Equally solar plants are not the lowest-cost plants to assemble, utilities propose perfect renounce to align their trade for constructing them.

As Floridians continue waited for their legislature to act, solar-product manufacturers that were like the Ray Voice continue moved to states together with New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania and Mississippi, meant Cash Martinez, elevated haughty of project development for FPL.

"Next the Boater Means zoom up, there's no point why Florida can't be the head of government exporter of solar panels all deceased the world," Martinez meant.

But manufacturers need a zeal from the state prematurely they courage wave here.

Utility-built solar power is not without its critics.

The three solar plants FPL built due 623 million, with 120 million lined by a federal carrot prize. The typical FPL client is paying about 75 cents a month for the projects participating in their first weighed down engagement, with authority decreasing in the excitement to improve.

Dependable opponents don't wish for the director due of semi-detached solar power, compared with natural gas plants.

"When that fails to pinch arrived record is these projects continue amazing fuel money deceased the taking into consideration 30 excitement," Martinez meant. "It's a marvelous quibble opposed to rising fuel prices."

Seeing the augur of solar, an more and more voluble cash in of renewable-energy companies would wish for to manipulate reveal FPL. They want the state to let them assemble solar panels on commercial and built-up rooftops, in addition to bung the energy reserve to the trade.

Voice Lower house Leader Mike Haridopolos, who along with visited the Martin solar plant on Saturday daylight, meant he expects a planning about alternative energy another time this elegance.

Later than I asked him if he would bequeath to legislation that would lawlessness FPL and other utilities to assemble advanced solar plants, he meant he didn't want to "pick winners and deposit." More exactly, he desires the state to redirect a variety of alternative energy - whether it's wind, biomass or solar.

"Our outcome is to make palpable we're dowry incentives for one and all to improve and occupy yourself, where we get the highest exchange on equity," Haridopolos meant.

There's unflustered time for Florida. No backdrop confusion hub for solar production has emerged - yet.

"Florida can with pleasure capitalize on that," Martinez meant. "If we don't, nobody's leave-taking to win but the Chinese."

China has emerged as the largest businesswoman of solar panels and wind turbines, the New York Get older reported on its last legs engagement.

Authentic now, Florida is the Ray Voice - but it's not the solar state.

Later than courage it be both?

SOURCE: http://www.tcpalm.com/news/2011/mar/07/eve-samples-when-will-florida-be-the-sunshine/

Performance Explores Alternative Energy Potential

MUSKEGON, Mich. (AP) - A reposition, music and words performance wary this month in Muskegon explores the outlook for alternative energy such as wind power to develop the the public.

Upper-class "Participating in the Contrive," the performance is depressed for Aug. 22 and 23 at Grand Lob Make a clean breast University's Renewable Initiative Affection at Muskegon Share. It's a bear out connecting the line up, the Educational of Michigan in Ann Arbor and the Muskegon communal.

"This project is a considerate cause to see Grand Lob and the Educational of Michigan in a bear out that moral fiber tie in students, energy and the communal to involve and understand from what's more other," T. Arnold Boezaart, who has served as supervisor of the Change and Renewable Initiative Affection, said in a admission.

The stage includes a new charge choreographed by Grand Lob reposition coach and Educational of Michigan alumnus Shawn Bible. Performers come up with Educational of Michigan reposition coach Robin Wilson, who has a lone reposition stimulated by a knack at the Muskegon Museum of Art.

Music moral fiber include sounds of wind turbines. A communal aeration led by project collaborators and the public alternative energy leaders is wary while the performance.

The bear out is led by Educational of Michigan reposition coach Jessica Fogel. Muskegon, such as haunt cities in Michigan, whilst relied thickly on stock industriousness to toward the back its thrift and the Renewable Initiative Affection stands on a last industriousness cause to be in.

"The reposition looks display at the inheritance of the cause to be in and looks job to the hopes and dreams of the vocation," Fogel told an addressees in June in the field of a peep at Ann Arbor Skip Yard. The curtail for the performance includes voices of frequent who whilst worked current.

"Online:

http://www.gvsu.edu/marec

http://www.music.umich.edu

Item source

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